As shown in the figure：
I have tried to set a static IP of 192.168.42.2 for the Windows 10 USB, but I still cannot ping 192.168.42.1.
We do not know which board you’re using, or which firmware it is running.
But the problem may be caused by the software (firewall, or settings, or something) on your Windows computer, or by the USB cable.
If you can try and boot into a live OS (via bootable USB stick, or LiveCD/LiveDVD, etc.), give it a try.
The other option is always a USB-to-TTL serial interface (assuming your board is Milk-V Duo; others offer this way as well).