How to flash the eMMC on the Mars CM?

Short answer: You can’t use the SD-Card and the eMMC module at the same time, as Boot the Mars CM | Milk-V states:

[The] eMMC version shares the hardware interface with the SD card, so they cannot be used at the same time.

Boot the Mars CM | Milk-V now also shows, how the eMMC can be flashed via USB-OTG.